Science and Technology - Bachelor's theses. Kuni 2024

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Browsing Science and Technology - Bachelor's theses. Kuni 2024 by Author "Antson, Hanna, juhendaja"

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    Primary screening of co-factors involving Scribble-mediated growth regulation in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Bērziņa, Nele Malvīne; Shimmi, Osamu, juhendaja; Antson, Hanna, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Tehnoloogiainstituut
    The wing imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model to study tissue growth and morphogenesis. This disc is composed of epithelial cells exhibiting apical-basal polarity (APB), which is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. Disruption of APB can lead to a loss in cell polarity that may result in neoplasia formation. Scribble (Scrib) is one of the key components involved in maintenance of ABP. Recent studies indicate that the copy number of scrib in the tissue directly influences formation of neoplasia when scrib is conditionally knocked down using an RNAi approach. This leads to the hypothesis that there is a synergy between additional genes and Scrib in the Scrib-derived neoplasia formation. To test this hypothesis, gene screening was performed. Deficiency fly lines with a specific deleted region and a conditional knock-down of scrib initiated by RNAi were used to find genes of interest. Following the evaluation of two different protocols, possible candidates for further screening were found.
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    Screening of genes vital for the epithelial homeostasis with Scribble in Drosophila imaginal wing disc morphogenesis
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2023) Zenjov, Gleb; Shimmi, Osamu, juhendaja; Antson, Hanna, juhendaja
    The model of Drosophila melanogaster wing imaginal disc has been used to study which growth factors are needed for tissue growth and what are the components for tissue to stop growing when it has reached its proper size. The sack-like structure of the wing disc is composed of epithelial cells and one of the characteristics of such cells is apico-basal polarity (ABP). ABP is a critical factor that coordinates epithelial tissue homeostasis. The disruption of ABP leads to a complete loss of polarity and subsequent neoplasia formation. Scribble (Scrib) is one of the vital proteins that is involved in epithelial polarity determination and maintenance. Recent studies have revealed that the formation of neoplasia derived from local loss of Scrib depends on the copy number of Scrib within the tissue, providing a hypothesis that loss of Scrib-derived neoplasia formation is affected by additional genes having synergy with Scribble. To address this question, a gene screening was performed. The understanding of the hypothetical mechanism of how intercellular alignment occurs and which factors and genes are involved in homeostasis with Scrib has yet to be established. The importance of genes is determined by using deficiency fly lines with deletion in specific genomic regions and the following conditional knockdown of scrib initiated by RNAi mechanism. The screening of previously established candidates allowed to narrow down the genomic region and to test the involvement of one of the potential genes - Neurexin-IV (Nrx-IV). Taken together, this study indicates that the genetic approach is valid and powerful for further investigating molecular mechanisms behind neoplasia/tumor formation.