Euroopa Liidu – Venemaa uuringute õppekava magistritööd – Master´s theses

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Browsing Euroopa Liidu – Venemaa uuringute õppekava magistritööd – Master´s theses by Author "Ehin, Piret, juhendaja"

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    Causes and consequences of perceptions of discrimination among Russian-speakers of Estonia
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Danylyuk, Arsen; Ehin, Piret, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
    Perceived discrimination as a social and political phenomenon has received considerably less academic attention in post-Soviet countries than, for example, in the United States or Western Europe. The following study aims to test whether Russian-speakers in Estonia have higher level of perceived discrimination than Estonian-speakers. Then, the author defines factors that determine perceived discrimination using binary logistic regression. Finally, it is tested whether perceived discrimination determines higher or lower levels of institutional trust. It is, consequently, concluded that Russian-speakers are generally more likely to feel discriminated against. Also, a set of factors that determine levels of perceived discrimination among Russian-speakers is defined, among which the strongest ones are presence/ absence of citizenship and employment status. Finally, the author found a causal link between perceived discrimination and institutional trust, whereas those Russian-speakers who feel discriminated aginst have lower levels of institutional trust.
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    Local governments’ motives for adopting participatory budgeting: evidence from Estonia
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2019) Otstavel, Hemminki; Ehin, Piret, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
    Participatory budgeting as a successful participatory instrument has been implemented all over the world for almost 30 years. Since this concept is rather new in Estonian case, there is a gap in existing scholarly discussion about the main motives of local governments for adopting/not adopting this practice. Therefore, this thesis aims to understand the motives behind the adoption/non-adoption of participatory budgeting by Estonian local governments. The thesis aims to answer the following research questions: What are the main motives of local governments in terms of implementing participatory budgeting? What are the main motives of local governments that have decided not to implement participatory budgeting? Which actors and factors influence the diffusion of participatory budgeting in local governments in Estonia? In order to understand the motives of local governments for adopting participatory budgeting in local level context as well as examine the main factors and actors influencing the implementation of this practice, the theory of policy diffusion is used. In order to understand the motives of different local governments, author will examine 11 different local governments: towns of Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Valga, Haapsalu and Võru and rural municipalities of Tapa, Tori, Lääne-Harju, Elva and Kambja. Five of these cases have used participatory budgeting on the local level, while six municipalities have not adopted participatory budgeting. The data is used in this analysis is originated from two main sources, including (a) documentation and information available on local governments’ websites about participatory budgeting and its procedure, and (b) semi-structured interviews with the representatives of different local governments involved or knowledgeable about the participatory budgeting process.
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    Public confidence in national and supranational institutions: the impact of materialist and post-materialist values
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2019) Sultanishvili, Tengiz; Ehin, Piret, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
    Advanced industrialized societies are undergoing a change that alters individual values, beliefs and behavior. Building on the theories of changing values articulated by Ronald Inglehart, the thesis hypothesizes that the divide between materialist and post-materialist values has significant implications for public confidence in national and supranational institutions. The study uses data from the World Values survey to test whether and how individual materialist and post-materialist values affect confidence in the national government and the European Union. The results suggest that individuals with materialist values have more confidence in both national and supranational political institutions, while post-materialism is negatively associated with trust in the institutions. Besides, trust in the national government is positively associated with confidence in the EU and compared with individual values it has a stronger impact on public confidence in the EU.
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    Relationship between societal values and models of democracy: evidence from 28 countries
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Biliaieva, Viktoriia; Ehin, Piret, juhendaja; Pettai, Vello Andres, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
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    Transnationalism and attitudinal integration: Russian-speaking youth and Estonian security and defence policy
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Lumijõe, Nikita; Ehin, Piret, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
    In the context of increasing geopolitical tensions, the identities and political loyalties of Russian-speaking minorities living outside of the historical homeland has become the focus of a growing body of research. Questions about the identities and political orientations of Russian-speakers are particularly pertinent in Estonia and Latvia, former Soviet republics that are now members of the EU and NATO, where Russian-speakers constitute a large share of the population. This research examines attitudes towards Estonian security and defence policy among the Russian-speaking youth in Estonia through the theoretical lens of transnationalism and triadic nexus models. The central hypothesis is that young Russian-speakers’ attitudes toward security and defence vary as a function of citizenship, level of identification with Estonia (as opposed to the ethnocultural homeland) and individual integration into Estonian society. This hypothesis is tested with qualitative analysis based on interviews of the target group. The interviews cover 25 members of the Russian-speaking community in Estonia, collecting information about their affinity to Estonia and Russia and measuring attitudes toward the key aspects of Estonian security and defence policy. The examination of the attitudes and personal reasons of the respondents show that self-identity, social and cultural background of Estonian young Russian-speaker can significantly determine one’s attitudes toward security and defence policy. Respondents with stronger affinity to Estonia show more supportive attitudes toward national security and defence, than their counterparts with stronger affinity to Russia. The results of this research shed light on the weaknesses of Estonian societal resilience and can help governmental actors to redirect integration policy in the more effective way.