Browsing by Author "Pavlenkova, Ilona"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effects of automation on the gender pay gap: the case of Estonia
    (2021) Pavlenkova, Ilona; Alfieri, Luca; Masso, Jaan
    This paper investigates how investments in automation-intensive goods affects the gender pay gap. The evidence on the effects of automation on the labour market is growing; however, little is known about the implications of automation for the gender pay gap. The data used in the paper are from a matched employer-employee dataset incorporating detailed information on firms, their imports, and employee-level data for Estonian manufacturing and services employers for 2006–2018. We define automation using the imports of intermediates embedding automation technologies. The effect of automation is estimated using simple Mincerian wage equations and the causality of the effect is validated using propensity score matching. We find that introducing automation enlarges the gender pay gap. The negative effect of importing automation-intensive goods for female employees is about two to four percentage points larger than for male employees. The propensity score matching confirms that the introduction of automation has a higher causal effect on the wages of male employees than female employees.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    GDPR and Blockchain Solutions
    (Tartu Ülikool, 2020) Pavlenkova, Ilona; Milani, Fredrik Payman, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituut
    Within the last years, there has been an increased attention for the development of Blockchain technologies and solutions. Blockchain represents one of the major headways’ technologies of the past decade, giving large groups of people and companies a possibility to reach agreement on record information without a central authority. Partially this can be achieved because data once stored on a Blockchain is immutable. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was developed in the European Union (EU) with the aim to standardize the privacy regulations across Europe and introduce the changes on how the personal data should be processed. The GDPR consists of a series of articles and chapters that require, among other things, provision a consent to collect and store data, identification of data controller, provision of encryption, and anonymization of data. This thesis explores the connection between Blockchain and GDPR. In particular, the thesis presents a decision framework that can help developers and decision-makers in their design of the GDPR-compliant blockchain projects. The framework, presented in the thesis, is developed based on Systematic Literature Review of existing studies on the interplay of technology and regulation. The provided findings will help the Blockchain development teams to consider the GDPR-related factors when designing and implementing the blockchain projects.