Современные творческие коллективы Шарканского района Удмуртии в деле сохранения и популяризации традиционной культуры
Kuupäev
2025-03-10
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Iga etnose vaimne pärand on oluline marker selle ainulaadsuse ja kultuurilise omapära kohta. Vaatamata globaliseerumisele säilitab traditsiooniline kultuur oma eripärad, eriti ajalooliselt mitmekesistes piirkondades nagu Udmurtia. 20. sajandil omandas folkloor lavalise vormi, mis muutis selle algset ilmet. Alles sajandi teisel poolel algas liikumine folkloori autentsuse taastamiseks, sealhulgas Udmurdi Vabariigis.
Folklooripärandi säilitamine on tänapäeval võtmetähtsusega, kuna kohalikud kultuurilised eripärad on osa etnilisest identiteedist. Selle kinnituseks on Šarkani udmurtide folkloori uurimine minu doktoriväitekirjas. Uurimus põhineb isiklikel kogemustel, autori aastatepikkustel välitöödel, arhiiviallikatel ja teaduskirjanduse andmetel. Uurimistulemused tähistavad uut etappi Udmurtia kultuuriprotsesside teoreetilises uurimises, käsitledes esmakordselt folkloorikollektiive udmurdi keele säilitamise vaatenurgast.
Šarkani rajooni folkloori uurimine näitas põhja- ja lõunaudmurdi muusikalise pärandi ainulaadset kombinatsiooni. Seda kinnitab laulurepertuaari, instrumentaaltraditsioonide ja rituaalide analüüs. Folkloorikollektiivid aitavad traditsiooni säilitada nii autentses esituses kui ka stilisatsioonis. Tänaseks on määratletud kolm tüüpi Šarkani rajooni kollektiive:
1. Folkloorirühmad, mis esitavad rahvalaule ja -tantse ning taaselustavad rituaale.
2. Instrumentaalansamblid, mis mängivad traditsioonilisi meloodiaid ja autorite loodud teoseid.
3. Erinevaid muusikastiile viljelevad kollektiivid, mis ühendavad kaasaegset muusikat folkloorielementidega.
Üldiselt on Šarkani rajoonis täna täheldatav rahvamuusikalise traditsiooni aktiivne taaselustamine: folklooriansamblid tegelevad rituaalide rekonstrueerimisega, arhiivimaterjalide uurimisega ning välitöödega autentsuse repertuaari taastamiseks. Loovkollektiivid mitte ainult ei populariseeri udmurdi kultuuri regioonis, vaid aitavad kaasa ka selle integreerumisele tänapäeva kultuuriruumi, tagades põlvkondade järjepidevuse ja unikaalsete traditsioonide säilitamise.
The spiritual heritage of each ethnic group is a key marker of its uniqueness and cultural identity. Despite globalization, traditional culture retains its distinctive features, especially in historically diverse regions like Udmurtia. In the 20th century, folklore adopted stage forms, altering its original character. Only in the second half of the century did a movement emerge to revive authentic folklore, including in the Udmurt Republic. Preserving folklore heritage is crucial, as local cultural traits remain vital to ethnic identity. A key example is the study of Sharkan Udmurts' folklore, explored in my doctoral dissertation. The research, based on personal experience, years of fieldwork, archival sources, and scientific literature, marks a new stage in studying cultural-ethnic processes in Udmurtia within the global cultural context. For the first time, folklore collectives are examined in terms of Udmurt language preservation and promotion. Research on Sharkan District traditions revealed a unique blend of northern and southern Udmurt musical folklore, confirmed by analyses of song repertoire, instrumental traditions, and rituals. It also highlighted ways to preserve musical traditions through authentic performance and stylization. Today, three types of collectives promoting Udmurt culture in the district have been identified: 1. Folklore and ethnographic groups, performing folk songs, dances, and reconstructing rituals to sustain local traditions. 2. Musical-instrumental ensembles, focusing on traditional melodies and original compositions using local instruments. 3. Groups blending musical styles, incorporating folklore elements into contemporary songs. The Sharkan District is actively reviving folk music traditions: folklore ensembles reconstruct rituals, study archival materials, and restore authentic repertoire. These creative collectives not only promote Udmurt culture regionally but also integrate it into modern cultural life, ensuring generational continuity and the preservation of unique traditions.
The spiritual heritage of each ethnic group is a key marker of its uniqueness and cultural identity. Despite globalization, traditional culture retains its distinctive features, especially in historically diverse regions like Udmurtia. In the 20th century, folklore adopted stage forms, altering its original character. Only in the second half of the century did a movement emerge to revive authentic folklore, including in the Udmurt Republic. Preserving folklore heritage is crucial, as local cultural traits remain vital to ethnic identity. A key example is the study of Sharkan Udmurts' folklore, explored in my doctoral dissertation. The research, based on personal experience, years of fieldwork, archival sources, and scientific literature, marks a new stage in studying cultural-ethnic processes in Udmurtia within the global cultural context. For the first time, folklore collectives are examined in terms of Udmurt language preservation and promotion. Research on Sharkan District traditions revealed a unique blend of northern and southern Udmurt musical folklore, confirmed by analyses of song repertoire, instrumental traditions, and rituals. It also highlighted ways to preserve musical traditions through authentic performance and stylization. Today, three types of collectives promoting Udmurt culture in the district have been identified: 1. Folklore and ethnographic groups, performing folk songs, dances, and reconstructing rituals to sustain local traditions. 2. Musical-instrumental ensembles, focusing on traditional melodies and original compositions using local instruments. 3. Groups blending musical styles, incorporating folklore elements into contemporary songs. The Sharkan District is actively reviving folk music traditions: folklore ensembles reconstruct rituals, study archival materials, and restore authentic repertoire. These creative collectives not only promote Udmurt culture regionally but also integrate it into modern cultural life, ensuring generational continuity and the preservation of unique traditions.
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