Effect of high-intensity priming added to common warm-up on performance among endurance athletes
Date
2022-07-13
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Abstract
Klassikaliselt tuntud sportliku eelsoojenduse ülesehitus ühendab endas madala intensiivsusega aeroobset harjutust, millele järgneb venitus ning spordiala spetsiifiline soojendus. Sportlikus pingutuses mitteosalevate lihasgruppide tugev ja lühiaegne eelpingutus suudab samuti tekitada üldkehalisi muutusi, mis suurendavad keha valmisolekut ja parandavad hapniku omastamist järgneva jõudluse testi ajal.
Käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärk oli kindlaks määrata, kas mitte-spordispetsiifiliste lihaste sooritatud kõrge intensiivsusega eelpingutus parandab järgneva spordispetsiifilise maksimaalse jõudluse testi tulemusi. Lisaks keskenduti eelpingutuse mõju määramisele keha ainevahetuse mehhanismidele ja anaeroobse energia tootmise osakaalule kogu energiavarustusest.
Uuritavad läbisid võistlusdistantsi kahel korral maksimaalse võimsusega, mõlemale eelnes madala intensiivsusega soojendus (20 min), kuid ühel juhul lisandus ka kõrge intensiivsusega lühiajaline anaeroobne pingutus (25 sek). Uuringute protokollid erinesid taastumisaja, jõudluse testi kestvuse ning määratud tempo poolest.
Kokkuvõttes ei parandanud lühiaegne eelpingutus sellele järgneva maksimaalse jõudluse testi võimsust, kuid üksikisiku tasandil täheldatud positiivsed mõjud viitavad, et mõned katsealused võivad antud meetodist siiski kasu saada. Eelpingutus vähendas neto laktaadi kasvu ning vastavalt kogu anaeroobse energiatootmise osakaalu järgneva maksimaalse jõudluse testis. Samas täheldati, et submaksimaalsel intensiivsusel ning ühtlase tempo korral paranes soorituse taluvus ning ökonoomsus.
A traditional warm-up process combines low-intensity aerobic exercise, followed by stretching and sports-specific warm-up. High-intensity and low-volume preload by non-sport-specific muscle groups can also generate systemic changes that increase body's readiness and improve oxygen uptake during the subsequent performance test. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-intensity priming exercise executed by non-sport specific muscles improves outcomes of subsequent sport-specific performance test. The additional objective was to assess the metabolic response to high-intensity priming exercise and estimate the magnitude of the anaerobic energy contribution to the total energy supply. The subjects completed two competitive trials at a maximal power, both were preceded by low-intensity warm-up (20 min), but in one case a high-intensity low-volume anaerobic pre-load (25 sec) was added. The study protocols varied in terms of recovery time, duration of the performance test, and pace. In conclusion, pre-load did not improve performance during subsequent maximal performance test; however, positive responses observed at the individual level suggest that some subjects may benefit from this method. Priming lowered net lactate increase and respectively the total anaerobic energy contribution during subsequent maximal performance test. However, it was observed that at submaximal intensity and a steady pace, exercise tolerance and economy improved.
A traditional warm-up process combines low-intensity aerobic exercise, followed by stretching and sports-specific warm-up. High-intensity and low-volume preload by non-sport-specific muscle groups can also generate systemic changes that increase body's readiness and improve oxygen uptake during the subsequent performance test. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-intensity priming exercise executed by non-sport specific muscles improves outcomes of subsequent sport-specific performance test. The additional objective was to assess the metabolic response to high-intensity priming exercise and estimate the magnitude of the anaerobic energy contribution to the total energy supply. The subjects completed two competitive trials at a maximal power, both were preceded by low-intensity warm-up (20 min), but in one case a high-intensity low-volume anaerobic pre-load (25 sec) was added. The study protocols varied in terms of recovery time, duration of the performance test, and pace. In conclusion, pre-load did not improve performance during subsequent maximal performance test; however, positive responses observed at the individual level suggest that some subjects may benefit from this method. Priming lowered net lactate increase and respectively the total anaerobic energy contribution during subsequent maximal performance test. However, it was observed that at submaximal intensity and a steady pace, exercise tolerance and economy improved.
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Keywords
sports physiology, endurance, athletic performance, anaerobic metabolism, glycolysis